Weather Radar Tower

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The weather radar tower is a type of meteorological radar, which is the main tool for monitoring and warning strong convective weather. Its working principle is to emit a series of pulse electromagnetic waves, utilizing the scattering and absorption of electromagnetic waves by precipitation particles such as clouds, fog, rain, and snow, in order to detect the spatial distribution and vertical structure of precipitation, and use it as a warning and tracking precipitation system.

Weather radar is mostly pulse radar, which emits short duration (0.25-4 microseconds) pulse waves with a certain repetition rate, and then receives echo pulses scattered by precipitation particles. The scattering and absorption of radar emitted waves by precipitation are related to characteristics such as raindrop spectrum, rainfall intensity, phase state of precipitation particles, shape and orientation of ice crystal particles (see microwave scattering of clouds and precipitation particles, microwave absorption of clouds and precipitation particles). Therefore, analyzing and judging precipitation echoes can determine various macroscopic and microphysical characteristics of precipitation. Various theoretical and empirical relationships have been established between precipitation echo power and precipitation intensity. By utilizing these relationships, the distribution of precipitation intensity and total precipitation within the radar detection range can be determined based on echo power (see Radar Measurement of Precipitation).

Weather radar consists of the following basic components: transmitter - generating high-frequency pulses, directional antenna - transmitting detection pulses and receiving echo pulses, receiver - amplifying echo pulse signals, display - displaying the position, echo intensity, and structure of meteorological targets (such as precipitation areas and storms) relative to the radar.